Forms

This module provides functions to create 2D and 3D forms as vertices or mesh objects.

2D Forms

• circle()

• square()

• box()

• ellipse()

• euler_spiral()

• ngon()

• star()

• gear()

3D Forms

• cube()

• cylinder()

• cylinder_2p()

• cone()

• cone_2p()

• sphere()

3D Form Builder

• extrude()

• from_profiles_linear()

• from_profiles_spline()

• rotation_form()

2D Forms

Basic 2D shapes as iterable of Vector.

ezdxf.render.forms.circle(count: int, radius: float = 1, elevation: float = 0, close: bool = False) → Iterable[Vector]

Create polygon vertices for a circle with radius and count corners, elevation is the z-axis for all vertices.

Parameters

• count – count of polygon vertices

• radius – circle radius

• elevation – z-axis for all vertices

• close – yields first vertex also as last vertex if True.

Returns

vertices in counter clockwise orientation as Vector objects

ezdxf.render.forms.square(size: float = 1.) → Tuple[Vector, Vector, Vector, Vector]

Returns 4 vertices for a square with a side length of size, lower left corner is (0, 0), upper right corner is (size, size).

ezdxf.render.forms.box(sx: float = 1., sy: float = 1.) → Tuple[Vector, Vector, Vector, Vector]

Returns 4 vertices for a box sx by sy, lower left corner is (0, 0), upper right corner is (sx, sy).

ezdxf.render.forms.ellipse(count: int, rx: float = 1, ry: float = 1, start_param: float = 0, end_param: float = 2 * pi, elevation: float = 0) → Iterable[Vector]

Create polygon vertices for an ellipse with rx as x-axis radius and ry for y-axis radius with count vertices, elevation is the z-axis for all vertices. The ellipse goes from start_param to end_param in counter clockwise orientation.

Parameters

• count – count of polygon vertices

• rx – ellipse x-axis radius

• ry – ellipse y-axis radius

• start_param – start of ellipse in range 0 .. 2*pi

• end_param – end of ellipse in range 0 .. 2*pi

• elevation – z-axis for all vertices

Returns

vertices in counter clockwise orientation as Vector objects

ezdxf.render.forms.euler_spiral(count: int, length: float = 1, curvature: float = 1, elevation: float = 0) → Iterable[Vector]

Create polygon vertices for an euler spiral of a given length and radius of curvature. This is a parametric curve, which always starts at the origin (0, 0).

Parameters

• count – count of polygon vertices

• length – length of curve in drawing units

• curvature – radius of curvature

• elevation – z-axis for all vertices

Returns

vertices as Vector objects

ezdxf.render.forms.ngon(count: int, length: float = None, radius: float = None, rotation: float = 0., elevation: float = 0., close: bool = False) → Iterable[Vector]

Returns the corner vertices of a regular polygon. The polygon size is determined by the edge length or the circum radius argument. If both are given length has higher priority.

Parameters

• count – count of polygon corners >= 3

• length – length of polygon side

• radius – circum radius

• rotation – rotation angle in radians

• elevation – z-axis for all vertices

• close – yields first vertex also as last vertex if True.

Returns

vertices as Vector objects

ezdxf.render.forms.star(count: int, r1: float, r2: float, rotation: float = 0., elevation: float = 0., close: bool = False) → Iterable[Vector]

Returns corner vertices for star shapes.

Argument count defines the count of star spikes, r1 defines the radius of the “outer” vertices and r2 defines the radius of the “inner” vertices, but this does not mean that r1 has to be greater than r2.

Parameters

• count – spike count >= 3

• r1 – radius 1

• r2 – radius 2

• rotation – rotation angle in radians

• elevation – z-axis for all vertices

• close – yields first vertex also as last vertex if True.

Returns

vertices as Vector objects

ezdxf.render.forms.gear(count: int, top_width: float, bottom_width: float, height: float, outside_radius: float, elevation: float = 0, close: bool = False) → Iterable[Vector]

Returns gear (cogwheel) corner vertices.

Warning

This function does not create correct gears for mechanical engineering!

Parameters

• count – teeth count >= 3

• top_width – teeth width at outside radius

• bottom_width – teeth width at base radius

• height – teeth height; base radius = outside radius - height

• outside_radius – outside radius

• elevation – z-axis for all vertices

• close – yields first vertex also as last vertex if True.

Returns

vertices in counter clockwise orientation as Vector objects

3D Forms

Create 3D forms as MeshTransformer objects.

ezdxf.render.forms.cube(center: bool = True) → MeshTransformer

Create a cube as MeshTransformer object.

Parameters

center – ‘mass’ center of cube, (0, 0, 0) if True, else first corner at (0, 0, 0)

Returns: MeshTransformer

ezdxf.render.forms.cylinder(count: int, radius: float = 1., top_radius: float = None, top_center: Vertex = (0, 0, 1), caps=True, ngons=True) → MeshTransformer

Create a cylinder as MeshTransformer object, the base center is fixed in the origin (0, 0, 0).

Parameters

• count – profiles edge count

• radius – radius for bottom profile

• top_radius – radius for top profile, if None top_radius == radius

• top_center – location vector for the center of the top profile

• caps – close hull with bottom cap and top cap (as N-gons)

• ngons – use ngons for caps if True else subdivide caps into triangles

Returns: MeshTransformer

ezdxf.render.forms.cylinder_2p(count: int = 16, radius: float = 1, base_center=(0, 0, 0), top_center=(0, 0, 1)) → MeshTransformer

Create a cylinder as MeshTransformer object from two points, base_center is the center of the base circle and, top_center the center of the top circle.

Parameters

• count – profiles edge count

• radius – radius for bottom profile

• base_center – center of base circle

• top_center – center of top circle

Returns: MeshTransformer

New in version 0.11.

ezdxf.render.forms.cone(count: int, radius: float, apex: Vertex = (0, 0, 1), caps=True, ngons=True) → MeshTransformer

Create a cone as MeshTransformer object, the base center is fixed in the origin (0, 0, 0).

Parameters

• count – edge count of basis

• radius – radius of basis

• apex – tip of the cone

• caps – add a bottom face if True

• ngons – use ngons for caps if True else subdivide caps into triangles

Returns: MeshTransformer

ezdxf.render.forms.cone_2p(count: int, radius: float, apex: Vertex = (0, 0, 1)) → MeshTransformer

Create a cone as MeshTransformer object from two points, base_center is the center of the base circle and apex as the tip of the cone.

Parameters

• count – edge count of basis

• radius – radius of basis

• base_center – center point of base circle

• apex – tip of the cone

Returns: MeshTransformer

New in version 0.11.

ezdxf.render.forms.sphere(count: int = 16, stacks: int = 8, radius: float = 1, quads=True) → MeshTransformer

Create a sphere as MeshTransformer object, center is fixed at origin (0, 0, 0).

Parameters

• count – longitudinal slices

• stacks – latitude slices

• radius – radius of sphere

• quads – use quads for body faces if True else triangles

Returns: MeshTransformer

New in version 0.11.

3D Form Builder

ezdxf.render.forms.extrude(profile: Iterable[Vertex], path: Iterable[Vertex], close=True) → MeshTransformer

Extrude a profile polygon along a path polyline, vertices of profile should be in counter clockwise order.

Parameters

• profile – sweeping profile as list of (x, y, z) tuples in counter clock wise order

• path – extrusion path as list of (x, y, z) tuples

• close – close profile polygon if True

Returns: MeshTransformer

ezdxf.render.forms.from_profiles_linear(profiles: Iterable[Iterable[Vertex]], close=True, caps=False, ngons=True) → MeshTransformer

Create MESH entity by linear connected profiles.

Parameters

• profiles – list of profiles

• close – close profile polygon if True

• caps – close hull with bottom cap and top cap

• ngons – use ngons for caps if True else subdivide caps into triangles

Returns: MeshTransformer

ezdxf.render.forms.from_profiles_spline(profiles: Iterable[Iterable[Vertex]], subdivide: int = 4, close=True, caps=False, ngons=True) → MeshTransformer

Create MESH entity by spline interpolation between given profiles. Requires at least 4 profiles. A subdivide value of 4, means, create 4 face loops between two profiles, without interpolation two profiles create one face loop.

Parameters

• profiles – list of profiles

• subdivide – count of face loops

• close – close profile polygon if True

• caps – close hull with bottom cap and top cap

• ngons – use ngons for caps if True else subdivide caps into triangles

Returns: MeshTransformer

ezdxf.render.forms.rotation_form(count: int, profile: Iterable[Vertex], angle: float = 2 * pi, axis: Vertex = (1, 0, 0)) → MeshTransformer

Create MESH entity by rotating a profile around an axis.

Parameters

• count – count of rotated profiles

• profile – profile to rotate as list of vertices

• angle – rotation angle in radians

• axis – rotation axis

Returns: MeshTransformer